大家好,今天小编来为大家解答以下的问题，关于纽芬兰，纽芬兰曾是**国家吗这个很多人还不知道，现在让我们一起来看看吧！

本文目录

1. 纽芬兰历史
2. 纽芬兰在哪个国家
3. 纽芬兰犬的优缺点是什么
4. 美国纽芬兰是什么
5. 纽芬兰是个国家吗

一、纽芬兰历史

http://translate.google**/translate?hl=zh-CN&langpair=en|zh-CN&u=http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/NFLDHistory/NewfoundlandHistory.htm&prev=/translate_s%3Fhl%3Dzh-CN%26q%3D%25E7%25BA%25BD%25E8%258A%25AC%25E5%2585%25B0%2B%25E5%258E%2586%25E5%258F%25B2%26tq%3DNewfoundland%2BHistory%26sl%3Dzh-CN%26tl%3Den

Newfoundland History纽芬兰历史

Newfoundland Joins Canada(1946-1949)纽芬兰加入加拿大（1946-1949）

Newfoundland and Confederation(1949)纽芬兰和联合会（1949）

[This text was publihed in 1950. For the full citation, see the end of the document. [文publihed这在1950年的完整引文。，看到该文档的末尾。 Parts in brackets [...], links and images have been added to the original text by Claude Bélanger.]括号内的部分[...],链接和图像已被添加到由克劳德贝朗原始文本。]

[For a history of the negotiations of Newfoundland with Canada, see this site; Mel Baker also discusses this issue at this address; the specific period of 1945 to 1949 is extensively studied by the same author at this site.] Although Newfoundland had become at least temporarily self-supporting again during the War, the United Kingdom ** decided that consideration of constitutional changes should be delayed until after the close of hostilities. In December, 1945, it announced that a National Convention would be elected by the people of Newfoundland to assist them in coming to a"free and **rmed decision as to their future form of government". [对于与加拿大的纽芬兰谈判的历史，看到这个网站;梅尔贝克还讨论了在这个**这个问题，1945年的具体期限至1949年，是广泛同一作者的研究在这个网站。]虽然已经成为在纽芬兰至少暂时自给一次又一次的战争中，英国政府决定，修改宪法之前，应考虑敌对行动后关闭延迟。12月，1945年，它宣布，国民大会将在纽芬兰省人民选举产生协助来作为他们的政府形式“**和知情的决定他们”。

The Convention was elected in June, 1946, and its 45 members met in the following September.该公约是在6月当选，1946年，其45名成员在以下9月份举行。 Its terms of reference were:其职权是：

To consider and discuss amongst themselves as elected representatives of the Newfoundland people, the changes that have taken place in the financial and economic situation of the Island since 1934 and, bearing in mind the extent to which high revenues of recent years nave been due to wartime conditions, to examine the position of the country and to make recommendations to His Majesty's ** as to possible forms of future government to be put before the people at a national referendum.审议和讨论他们之间的当选代表，纽芬兰人，这已在岛的金融和经济形势发生1934年以来，考虑到何种程度，近年来高收入天真是由于战争的影响变化条件，审查该国的立场，并以未来政府可能形式的建议，国王陛下政府将在人民面前提出在全国公民**。

In May, 1947, a delegation was sent to London to ascertain what financial relations might be expected to exist between the United Kingdom ** and Newfoundland under(a) continuation of Commission of ** as then constituted,(b) a revised form of the Commission, and(c) responsible government.今年5月，1947年派代表团到伦敦，以确定哪些金融关系可能会存在的根据（一委员会）政府继续与英国政府和纽芬兰作为然后组成，（b）一个委员会经修改的形式，以及（c）负责任的政府。 The reply was that under the first the fiscal and financial relations would remain as then existing and the United Kingdom would continue to be responsible for Newfoundland's financial stability; under the second, the responsibility of the United Kingdom for Newfoundland's financial stability would depend upon the precise form of revision; under responsible government Newfoundland would bear full responsibility for her own finances.得到的答复是根据第一个财政和金融关系将继续作为当时的和英国将继续为纽芬兰的金融稳定负责;在第二，英国的纽芬兰省的财政稳定的责任，将取决于精确形式修改;负责任的政府，纽芬兰下将承担自己的财政承担全部责任。

In February, 1947, the National Convention had passed a resolution to send a delegation to Ottawa to ascertain from the ** of Canada"what fair and equitable basis may exist for federal union of Newfoundland and Canada".今年2月，1947年，国民大会已通过决议，派遣一个代表团到渥太华的加拿大“什么公平和公正的基础上，政府确定可能存在纽芬兰省和加拿大**联盟”。 A similar resolution to send a delegation to Washington to ascertain the terms on which union with the United States might be effected, was defeated by a large majority.一项类似的决议派遣一个代表团前往华盛顿，以确定该条款上与美国联盟可能影响，是一个庞大的多数击败。

A delegation of seven members [1] was sent to Ottawa in June, 1947, and discussions with the Committee of the Canadian Cabinet continued into September [2].七名成员[1]代表团被送往渥太华6月，1947年，并与加拿大内阁委员会的讨论一直持续到9月[2]。 On Oct. 10月 29, 1947, the Canadian Prime Minister sent the Governor of Newfoundland for tran**ission to the National Convention a statement of terms which the ** of Canada would be prepared to recommend to Parliament as a basis for union, should the people of Newfoundland desire to enter Confederation. 29日，1947年，加拿大**送往转交全国代表大会1，其中加拿大政府将准备建议，作为联盟的基础上向议会发表声明，纽芬兰省长，应纽芬兰希望联合会的人进入。

After prolonged debate the National Convention recommended to the United Kingdom **, on Jan. 29, 1948, that two choices be placed before the people, the restoration of Responsible ** and continuation of Commission of **.经过长时间辩论，国民大会建议英国政府于1948年1月29日，这两个选择是摆在人们面前放置，负责任的政府和政府委员会继续恢复。 A motion to include Confederation on the ballot was defeated in the Convention by a vote of 29 to 16.一项议案，包括联邦在选票上被击败以29票的公约16。

The United Kingdom **, after due consideration, decided to add Confederation to the ballot, having concluded that"it would not be right that the people of Newfoundland should be deprived of an opportunity of considering the issue at the referendum".英国政府适当考虑后，决定将联邦的选票后，得出结论：“是不正确的纽芬兰省人民应该是考虑在全民**的问题的机会被剥夺”。 The official statement pointed to Canada's offer being based on long discussion with a delegation from the Convention, to the support for Confederation shown in the Convention, and to the fact that the issues had been sufficiently clarified to enable the people to decide whether Confederation would commend itself to them.官方声明指出，加拿大目前的基础上提供了由该公约，代表团对联盟的支持在公约中，表现出长时间的讨论，并认为该问题已得到充分的澄清，以使人民能够决定是否联合会将赞扬事实自己给他们。

At the first poll of the National Referendum, held on June 3, 1948, after wide public discussion, 155,777(more than 88 pc) of the 176,297 registered voters went to the polls.在全国公民**第一次调查于1948年6月3日举行，经过市民广泛讨论，155777（超过88件的176297名登记选民）前往**。 Responsible ** received 69,400 votes, Confederation 64,066 and continuation of Commission of ** 22,311 votes.责任政府收到的69400票，联合会64066和政府继续执行委员会22311票。 As no form of ** had received an absolute majority, a second poll was required on the two forms receiving the most votes, in-accordance with the conditions previously announced by the United Kingdom **.由于没有政府形式都获得了绝对多数，第二次调查，需要在两个获得最多选票的形式，与以前的情况，英国政府宣布根据。

At the second poll on July 22, 1948, approximately 85 pc of the voters turned out.在7月22日第二次的调查，1948年，大约85个人的选民结果。 Some 78,323 voted for Confederation with Canada and 71,334 for Responsible **.有些78323**与加拿大和71334负责任的政府联盟。 Eigh** of the 25 electoral districts as established in 1933 showed a clear majority for Confederation. 18 25个选区的结果显示，在1933年成立了联邦明显多数。

On July 30, 1948, the Prime Minister of Canada announced that the result of the referendum was"clear and beyond all possibility of misunderstanding", and that it was welcomed by the ** of Canada. 7月30日1948年，加拿大**宣布，公民**的结果是“清楚的，所有的误会”，而且是由加拿大政府欢迎的可能性。 He added that the ** would be"glad to receive with the least possible delay authorized representatives of Newfoundland" to negotiate Terms of Union.他补充说，政府将“很高兴收到的最短时间内纽芬兰授权代表”谈判的联盟条款。

Negotiations opened at Ottawa on Oct. 6, 1948.谈判在渥太华开幕的1948年10月6号。 [3] The basic problem was that of including within a matured federal system a country that had developed independently of the other provinces and whose economy and administrative arrangements were very different. [3]的基本问题是，包括在一个成熟的联邦制度发展了一种**于其他省份，其经济和行政安排是非常不同的国家。 As in 1864, and more particularly 1895, the financial aspects of the problem presented the greatest difficulty.正如在1864年，更特别是1895年，该问题的财务方面提出的最大困难。 On the one hand, Newfoundland could not be expected to enter Confederation unless it received reasonable assurance that it could carry on financially as a province.一方面，纽芬兰不能指望进**盟，除非它得到合理的保证，它可以对经济进行的一个省。 On the other hand, it was obviously desirable that the financial arrangements for Newfoundland should fit as nearly as possible into the existing framework of financial relations between the Federal ** and the provinces.另一方面，显然是可取的，纽芬兰省财政安排应适应之间的**和各省财政关系的现有框架内尽可能接近。

The main provisions of the Terms ultimately arrived at were as follows:(1) the Federal ** was to take over Newfoundland services which were at the time normally provided for other provinces, including the government-owned railway;(2) the Federal ** was to assume responsibility for Newfoundland's sterling debt(about$63,000,000 net, or about 90 pc of the total);(3) Newfoundland was to retain its surplus which had been accumulated during the war and post-war years;(4) Newfoundland, as was the case with other provinces, was to receive from the Federal ** stated annual subsidies in perpetuity;(5) in addition in order to enable Newfoundland to develop revenue-producing services similar to those of existing provinces, it was to receive annual transitional grants over a period of twelve years, the grants to diminish over the period and cease at its end;(6) the Federal ** was to appoint within eight years of Union a Royal Commission to review Newfoundland's financial position and to recommend the form and scale of additional financial assistance, if any, which might be required by the ** of Newfoundland to enable it to continue public services at then prevailing levels without resorting to taxation more burdensome, having regard to capacity to pay, than that of the Maritime Provinces.本条款的主要条款最终达成如下：（1）**是在纽芬兰的服务采取的通常规定的其他省份，包括政府拥有的铁路;（2）**是时候了纽芬兰承担的债务英镑（约六千三百点〇万美元净，或约90整体PC）的责任;（3）纽芬兰要保持财政盈余，已经在战争期间和战后年;（4）纽芬兰，正如积累与其他省份的情况，将得到由**表示，永久的年度补贴;（5）除，以便纽芬兰开发创收的服务，类似于现有的省，这是过渡性的，每年接受赠款，了12年期间，拨款减少期间，停止在其结束;（6）**是在8年的联盟皇家委员会任命审查纽芬兰的财务状况和建议的形式和规模的增加财政援助，如果有的话，这可能是由纽芬兰政府要求，使其能够继续在当时不采取税收负担更多的公共服务水平，考虑到支付能力，比海洋省份。 The total financial aid thus given Newfoundland was proportionately higher than that given to other provinces at the time they joined Confederation or were created, but it was felt that Newfoundland's special problems justified somewhat special financial treatment.总的财政援助，从而给纽芬兰的比例高于其他省份给予当时他们加**邦或正在建立的，但有人认为，纽芬兰氏合理有点特别财政处理的特殊问题。

On Dec. 12月 11, 1948, the Terms of Union were signed in the Senate Chamber at Ottawa by six of the seven members of the Newfoundland delegation on behalf of Newfoundland and by the Prime Minister and the Acting Secretary of State for External Affairs on behalf of Canada. 11日，1948年联盟的条款签署了在渥太华参议院通过的关于代表纽芬兰纽芬兰代表团的七名成员六名，由**和代理国务卿对外事务代表加拿大。

A Bill to approve the Terms of Union was passed by the Canadian Parliament and given the assent of the Governor General on Feb. 18, 1949.一项条例草案，批准了联盟的条款通过了加拿大议会，并就1949年2月18号的总督批准。 On Feb. 21, the Commission of ** in Newfoundland announced its approval and shortly afterwards a Bill to confirm and give effect to the Terms of Union was introduced in the British House of Commons. 2月21日，政府委员会在纽芬兰省宣布批准，不久的条例草案，确认并落实了联盟的条款是在英国下议院提出。 This Bill received Royal Assent on Mar. 23 as the British North America Act, 1949.本条例草案于3月23日收到的英属北美法案，1949年御准。 In accordance with the Terms, Newfoundland joined Canada as its tenth province at midnight on Mar. 31, 1949.按照规定的条件，纽芬兰加入其在对1949年3月31日午夜，加拿大第十个省。 [ This site documents the various stages of the Union of Newfoundland with Canada.] [本网站文件的纽芬兰联盟与加拿大的不同阶段。]

On the occasion of Newfoundland's entrance into Confederation, Canada Post在纽芬兰加**邦，加拿大邮政入口之际

issued a stamp showing the"Matthew", John Cabot's ship.发行邮票显示“马太”，约翰卡博特公司的船舶。

[1] FG Bradley, KC, Chairman, TGW Ashbourne, Charles H. Ballam, Rev. Lester L. Burry, PW Crummey, GF Higgins, and JR Smallwood [1]蛋白原布拉德利，陈家**，千粒重阿什伯恩，查尔斯H Ballam，牧师莱斯特湖巴里，晚上克拉米，绿希金斯，和JR斯莫尔伍德

[2] Rt. [2] Rt的。 Hon.汉。 Louis S. St. Laurent, KC, Rt.路易斯南街。洛朗，陈家，Rt的。 Hon.汉。 JL Ilsley, KC, Rt. JL埃斯利，陈家，Rt的。 Hon. CD Howe, Hon.提问。光碟豪，汉。 Brooke Claxton, KC, Hon.布鲁克克莱克斯顿，陈家，汉。 DC Abbott, KC, Hon.直流雅培，陈家，汉。 JJ McCann, MC, Hon H. F G. Bridges and Hon. JJ麦肯，三菱商事在会议上，每小时F湾大桥和汉。 W McL.糯韧带。 Robertson.罗伯逊。

[3] The Newfoundland delegation was headed by the Hon. [3]纽芬兰省代表团团长的提问。 AJ(later Sir Albert) Walsh.欧塞尔（后来艾伯特爵士）**。 Other members were: FG Bradley, KC, CA Cro**ie, P. Gruchy, CBE, JB McEvoy, CBE, KC, JR Smallwood and GA Winter.其他成员有：纤维蛋白原布拉德利，陈家，加利福尼亚克罗斯比，第Gruchy博士，CBE，JB麦克沃伊博士，CBE，陈家，JR斯莫尔伍德和GA冬季。 The Committee of the Canadian Cabinet included: Rt.在加拿大内阁委员会包括：Rt的。 Hon. Louis S.提问。路易斯号 St. Laurent, KC, Rt.圣洛朗，陈家，Rt的。 Hon. CD Howe, Hon. Brooke Claxton, KC, Hon.提问。光碟豪，会议。布鲁克克莱克斯顿，陈家，汉。 DC Abbott, KC, Hon.直流雅培，陈家，汉。 JJ McCann, MC, Hon. MF Gregg, VC, Hon. JJ麦肯，三菱商事，议员。中频格雷格，风险投资，汉。 RW Mayhew, and Hon. LB Pearson. RW梅休，议员及。磅皮尔逊。

Back to Newfoundland History回到纽芬兰历史

Source: GOVERNMENT OF CANADA, Newfoundland.资料来源：加拿大，纽芬兰政府。 An Introduction to Canada's New Province, Published by authority of the Right Honourable CD HOWE, Minister of Trade and Commerce, prepared by the Department of External Affairs, in collaboration with the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Ottawa, 1950, 142p., pp.对加拿大新省，由尊敬的裁谈会豪，贸易和商业的对外事务部编制的，部长，权威发布与统计，渥太华，1950年，142p自治领局合作言。，页。 15-41. 15

纽芬兰（Newfoundland）是加拿大东部的一个省，包括纽芬兰岛和附近岛屿以及拉布多的主要陆地和附属岛屿。纽芬兰1949年加**盟。北欧海盗可能在公元1000年到过此地，但是欧洲的渔民和探险家到15世纪晚期约翰·开普特的运航之后才知道这个地区。1583年英格兰宣称纽芬兰属英国，尽管这个宣告在《巴黎和约》(1763年）前一直遭到法国的反对。魁北克省在1927年前一直宣布占有拉布拉多。圣·约翰斯是纽芬兰的首都和最大城市。人口567,681。

拉布拉多是加拿大纽芬兰的陆地部分，位于拉布拉多半岛的东北部。早在10世纪，古代的斯堪的纳维亚的海员就曾到过这里的海岸。这一地区后来成为哈得逊湾公司的所有财产，并于1927年最终判给纽芬兰省。

二、纽芬兰在哪个国家

1、纽芬兰在一战后一度成为**的国家，直到1949年方才放弃**地位，加入加拿大。

2、纽芬兰岛，意指“新寻获之地”，是北美**东海岸的大西洋岛屿。西控圣劳伦斯湾口，北隔贝尔岛海峡与拉布拉多半岛相望，西南与布雷顿角岛隔以卡伯特海峡，南有法属圣皮埃尔和密**群岛。略呈三角形，西北、东南各有一半岛伸入海中。属亚寒带**性气候，拉布拉多寒流沿东岸南下，冬冷夏凉。冬季受**气团影响，1月平均气温-4℃—-9℃，天气多变；夏季受大西洋气团影响，7月平均气温10℃—15℃，东部沿海多雾。较湿润，年降水量1000毫米—1500毫米，四季均匀。东南沿岸长800千米、宽320千米、平均深100米的纽芬兰浅滩，处拉布拉多寒流与北大西洋暖流交汇处，为世界最优良的大渔场之一。盛产鳕、鲽、鲱、鲑等鱼类。

三、纽芬兰犬的优缺点是什么

1、小编认为纽芬兰犬的优点就是非常好养，吃的不是特别多，所以不论是学生还是上班族，养这种犬不会有太多的压力，但纽芬兰犬也有一定的缺点，就是腿比较短，所以上下楼梯的时候不太方便，需要主人抱。

2、纽芬兰犬属于大型犬，但性情非常的温和，不但是人类忠实的伴侣，更是多用途的小狗狗。纽芬兰犬的原产地是加拿大，起源于18世纪，最早发现是在加拿大的东北部的纽芬兰地区，因此被叫做纽芬兰犬。纽芬兰温顺的性格，让很多养狗人士都非常的喜爱这种狗狗，比较适合陪伴孩子成长，而且善于保护自己，不宜被别人伤害。虽然纽芬兰犬的体型比较巨大，但脾气也是比较好的，身体也比较和谐，婚后结识，所以和小朋友在一起玩耍的时候，主人会比较放心。纽芬兰犬一旦成年，皮毛就比较的华丽美观，而且比较防水，所以纽芬兰犬可以游泳。纽芬兰犬的毛发是比较长的，所以各位主人们必须要经常梳毛发，否则容易打结。

3、纽芬兰犬是所有狗狗品种中小编认为是最有好的品种之一，因为在最初的时候，纽芬兰犬被用于拉渔场的网上岸或者是拉船，而且现在纽芬兰犬也经常被用来协助海岸边的紧急营救，足以可见纽芬兰犬是非常聪明的，所以主人在饲养纽芬兰犬的时候不要欺骗狗狗，否则狗狗会伤心的。幼年的纽芬兰犬比较调皮，主人需要给狗狗树立良好的定时定点吃饭的时间，并且要严格约束狗狗的吃饭速度，否则会影响到狗狗的身体发育。

4、最后，小编建议各位在养纽芬兰犬的时候，不要喂太多的**，而是为一些新鲜的肉食，这样就能够补充纽芬兰犬的体力。

四、美国纽芬兰是什么

1、纽芬兰属于北美的加拿大，不属于美国。

2、纽芬兰（Newfoundland）岛是北美洲东海岸外大西洋岛屿，属加拿大纽芬兰省。在圣劳伦斯湾外。北以贝尔岛海峡与拉布拉多加拿大纽芬兰地图

3、半岛相望，西南以卡博特海峡和新斯科舍半岛相隔。主要河流均东北流注入大西洋。海岸曲折，多半岛、港湾。属寒冷**性气候。冬冷夏凉，较湿润，年雨量约1，000—1，500毫米。多雾。大部地区生长针叶林，以云杉、松为主。有铁、铜、银、石棉、石油等矿藏。东南面的纽芬兰浅滩，正当寒暖流交汇处，是世界最大渔场之一。

五、纽芬兰是个国家吗

①北美洲东海岸外大西洋岛屿，属加拿大纽芬兰省。在圣劳伦斯湾外。北以贝尔岛海峡与拉布拉多半岛相望，西南以卡博特海峡和新斯科舍半岛相隔。面积11.2万平方公里。沿海多属60米以上悬崖，内陆则是****、起伏不大的低高原，一般高度多在300米以上，最高点海拔814米。主要河流均东北流注入大西洋。海岸曲折，多半岛、港湾。属寒冷**性气候。冬冷夏凉，较湿润，年雨量约1，000—1，500毫米。多雾。大部地区生长针叶林，以云杉、松为主。有铁、铜、银、石棉、石油等矿藏。东南面的纽芬兰浅滩，正当寒暖流交汇处，是世界最大渔场之一。

②加拿大东部的一省，是加拿大最年轻的省份,1949年才加入加拿大联邦,成为加拿大第十个省。位于加拿大东北角，濒大西洋岸。由纽芬兰岛和拉布拉多半岛东部组成，两者之间为贝尔岛海峡隔开，最狭处仅15公里。面积40万5,720平方公里，大部分土地都是人迹罕至的森林，沼泽、湖泊和山岭。人口57.3万（1990），分布于沿岸的小城市，他们多以捕鱼为生。省会圣约翰斯。1497年英国人约翰·卡博特（John Cabot）到达，1583年正式宣布归英占有，但直到十八世纪末仅有一些渔船在此捕鱼，人口增加缓慢，年青人口流失率相当严重。气候寒冷湿润。由于冬季海港冰封，渔船不能出海，渔民都过着半年捕鱼，半年领取政府失业救济金过活，加上近年各国政府不断扩阔沿岸捕鱼领域，加拿大渔船能进入作业的渔场越来越少，渔民的收入大受影响。海岸曲折。内地大部为高原。主要河流哈密尔顿河。拉布拉多铁矿的开发，使经济发展较快。铁矿石的产量占全国的52％。主要工业有造纸、纸浆、石油、水产加工等。主要城市有圣约翰斯、科纳布鲁克。

纽芬兰在地理位置上偏离加拿大其他省份，又跟欧洲**有一海之隔，在长期独自发展下，纽芬兰居民的文化各语言与别省不同，他们说的英语不仅保留十六世纪的爱尔兰口音，在用字也有别于标准英语。

纽芬兰的气候不错，海风起调节气温的作用，冬天不太冷，夏天不算热，首府圣约翰（St. John's）至今已有500年的历史,1000年以前北欧人就在此活动，是北美最古老的城市。

http://bk.baidu**/view/293579.htm

纽芬兰的介绍就聊到这里吧，感谢你花时间阅读本站内容，更多关于纽芬兰曾是**国家吗、纽芬兰的信息别忘了在本站进行查找哦。

Tags：